begun

英 [bɪˈɡʌn]

美 [bɪˈɡʌn]

v. 开始; 启动; 起始; 开始存在(或进行); 起初是; 本来是
begin的过去分词

柯林斯词典

The stitching had begun to fray at the edges
边上的针脚磨得已经开始脱线了。
Parliament has not yet begun to combat the deepening economic crisis, and public patience is wearing thin.
议会还没有着手应对日益严重的经济危机，公众日渐失去了耐心。
He's begun a series of personal attacks on my character
他开始对我进行一连串的人身攻击。
They've begun to hoard food and gasoline and save their money
他们已经存钱并开始贮藏食物和汽油。
The construction has begun.
已经开工了。
Not one of Kim's grandiose plans has even begun.
金那些华而不实的计划甚至一个都还没有开始实施。
They have begun to take a more sanguine view.
他们的看法已经开始变得乐观起来。
The factories have begun furloughing hundreds of workers.
这些工厂已经开始让数百名工人暂时下岗。
He has begun a hunger strike in protest over political violence in Karachi.
为了抗议卡拉奇的政治暴力，他已开始了绝食。
But a concerted effort has begun to improve the quality of the urban air.
但是各方已经开始共同努力改善城镇空气质量。